Git is a free and open source distributed version control system. Followings are some of the advantages of using git version control system:
- branching capabilities
- light weight
- speed
- reliable
- secure
- open source
Refer to following table to find most commonly used git commands:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| git init <dir> | creates empty git repo in specified directory on local machine |
| git clone <repo> <name> | clones remote repository to local machine with specified name |
| git config --global user.name <name> | defines author name for all commits |
| git config --global user.email <email> | defines author email for all commits |
| git add <dir> | stage all changes in specified directory on local machine |
| git commit -m <message> | creates a new commit with specified commit message |
| git status | checks the status of current git repo, which files are staged, unstaged, and untracked |
| git diff | shows differnce between last commit and current changes on local machine |
| git revert <commit> | undo changes of specified commit |
| git reset <file> | unstages a file without overwriting any changes |
| git clean -n | shows which files would be removed from working directory |
| git log -<limit> | shows lists of commits limited by -<limit> option |
| git log --stat | Include which files were altered and the relative number of lines that were added or deleted from each of them |
| git log --author=<pattern> | search for commits by a particular author. |
| git log --grep=<pattern> | search for commits by a particular commit message. |
| git log -p | display the full diff of each commit. |
| git branch | list all of the branches in your repo. |
| git branch <name> | create a new branch with the name . |
| git checkout -b <name> | create and check out a new branch named <name>. Drop the -b flag to checkout an existing branch. |
| git merge <branch> | merge <branch> into the current branch. |
| git pull | pull all remote changes to local branch |
| git pull <branch> | fetch the specified remote’s copy of current branch and immediately merge it into the local copy |
| git fetch <remote> <branch> | fetches a specific <branch>, from the repo. |
| git push <remote> <branch> | push the branch to , along with necessary commits and objects. Creates named branch in the remote repo if it doesn’t exist. |
| git diff HEAD | show difference between working directory and last commit. |
| git diff --cached | show difference between staged changes and last commit |
| git reset | reset staging area to match most recent commit, but leave the working directory unchanged. |
| git reset --hard | reset staging area and working directory to match most recent commit and overwrites all changes in the working directory. |